Sudans civil War essays

Sudan's civil War essays Sudans current Darfur conflict did not begin arbitrarily and without reason. Instead, many underlying factors that have been fomenting and resulting in breakouts of violence are still at work in Sudan. The ethnical differences of the Arab Muslim ruling majority and the African and primarily animistic inhabitants of the southern state of Darfur have caused Sudan to have been mired in a nearly constant state of civil war since 1955. The application of Islamic law to all citizens has always been the sparkplug that more than anything else caused the non-Muslim population in Sudan to feel the need to rebel. The effects of the civil wars and more importantly, the most recent conflict in Darfur, are massive, and the death tolls, especially of Africans, are so immense that this conflict is being labeled as genocide. To understand the conflict that is ongoing currently in Sudan it is necessary to understand the history and how Sudan has been a state of comprised mostly of Arabs since olden times. In 642 A.D., ten years after the prophet Mohammeds death an Arab army invaded Nubia, in present-day Sudan Later in the 1820s Egypts Muslim rulers conquered Sudan and enslaved 2 million Africans by the end of the 19th century (Anderson 64). The enslavers were mostly Muslims from the Ottoman Empire, yet Sudanese Muslims also took part in the slavery. In the 1880s the Ansar, a Muslim group from the Kordofan province took over control of a new Islamic Sudanese state through the leadership of Mahdi, the rightly guided one. After expulsing Turco-Egyptian troops and killing General Charles Gordon, the viceroy from Britain via Egypt, Mahdi took up a campaign of spreading Islam throughout all of Sudan (Anderson 65). However, before the Ansar could take over what is now present day Sudan, Britai n took over control of all of this area. Britains policy was one of promoting Christianity and Eng...

Life of Goya essays

Life of Goya essays With the coronation of the two Catholic rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella in 1479, the country of Spain slowly began to unite. Piece by piece, the King and Queen recaptured once lost lands and built their empire. In 1516 Carlos V rose to power, establishing the Hapsburg reign. The Hapsburg ruled for nearly two hundred years until the death of Charles II. With him died a Golden Age for Spain that the Catholic rulers established. Spain fell into a time of mass poverty, disorganization, and lackadaisical rule. One force that was structured in Spain was the church. Catholicism was not only a religion in Spain but also a significant influence in society. At the time, however, it did little to improve the conditions. Classes were heavily lopsided. The middle class was almost non-existent, and the upper class monopolized agricultural land. The provinces of Aragon, La Mancha, and Castile were where most of the poverty and depression was concentrated. Costal cities like Cadiz and Madrid were w here prosperity existed. In the midst of commencing political and aristocratic turmoil, was born one of the most talented and patriotically concerned artists Spain has ever seen. On March 30, 1745 in the rural town of Fuendetodos, Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes was born. He was born poor and at the fall of the Hapsburg Monarchy. Goyas father was the son of a notary, or a small time lawyer, and his mother Dona Gracia Lucientes, was a hidalgo. Hidalgos were the lowest order in Spanish nobility. Goya was still a boy when he and his family moved to the city of Saragossa. Saragossa contained more life than the rural city of Fuendetodos. Here he began school, where he barely learned to read and write. After attending elementary school, Francisco went to a Jesuit school or college. It was here where the foundation of his career was laid. It was recommended that he develop his natural skills in drawing. A local master painter, named ...

The Role Transnational And Multinational Companies Have Played On Essay

The Role Transnational And Multinational Companies Have Played On Globalization - Essay Example The world has seen a tremendous increase in the global transactions and foreign trade in the recent years. The main reason behind this is that now more and more countries are getting engaged in trading with each other in order to increase their profit or sales or protecting them from being eroded by competition. The main objectives which are influencing the companies to engage in international business are the expansion of sales, acquiring resources, minimizing competitive risk and diversification of sources of sales and supplies (Johnson & Turner, 2003). Besides these, there are other few factors like economic factors, cultural factors, technological factors, and social factors which have the influence to a greater extent. The emergence and activities of transnational and multinational enterprises had impacted to a huge extent on the concept of globalization. Multinationals have played an important role in globalization. Given their international reach and mobility, prospective countries, and sometimes regions within countries must compete with each other to have MNCs locate their facilities (and subsequent tax revenue, employment, and economic activity) within. To compete, countries and regional political districts offer incentives to MNCs such as tax breaks, pledges of governmental assistance or improved infrastructure, or lax environmental and labor standards. This process of becoming more attractive to foreign investment can be characterized as a race to the bottom.

Buffers and Buffer Capacity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buffers and Buffer Capacity - Essay Example Afar its buffering range, a buffer does not act to stabilize the pH of the solution (Phadungchewit, 13). Buffers are very essential to living organism. This is since most biochemical progressions occur only when the pH is within a narrow range. Excessive consumption or intake of H+ or OH- can constrain the system and action of several biomolecules, particularly proteins. Thus, buffers are generally used in living organisms to assist in the maintenance of a relatively stable pH. For instance in humans, buffers help to maintain the blood pH within a range of between 7.35 and 7.45. Buffer capacity is denoted ï  ¢ and as it increases, the ability to resist change in pH also increases (Yuwaree, 15). This is represented by the equation: ï  ¢ Is the buffer capacity (numerical indicator showing how the buffered solution resists the change in pH. If solution is well buffered ï  ¢ gets bigger, if poorly buffered it gets small. The (i) and (i+1) are the two successive data points in a pH titration. And finally V is the base volume. First, 100 mls of NaOH solution is prepared from o.1M of the available NaOH titrant. Secondly, HCl solution is prepared by the dilution of a 90.0 mM HCl solution present from the TA. Finally, the concentration of 3.0mM of citric acid solution is prepared by weighing out within a range of ï‚ ± 1% and dissolving in it an appropriate quantity of citric acid (Pohland, Frederick, 23). Calibrate a pH meter by use of pH7 along with 4 buffers. Put the solution of HCl and measure the value of pH during the stirring process. By use of a burette, add contents of 0.5ml increments of the NaOH titrant then make recordings of the pH and the volume of the base added. For the stable recording, we waited for few seconds for the pH meter in order to acquire most accurate results. We began by adding two drops of NaOH into Each of the acid beaker after observing abnormal increase in pH value. We stopped when the pH meter read (9.19). We repeated

Press Kit Format - How to Make a Proper Press Kit for Events Essay Example for Free

Press Kit Format How to Make a Proper Press Kit for Events Essay The materials that make up a press kit are usually assembled in a standard two-pocket folder. Choose folders that have slots for your business cards, and in a color that complements your companys printed literature. Press kit materials typically used include the following information pieces: Insert, on the right side of the folder, from front to back: †¢ Business Card Place a copy of the contact persons business card in the slot inside the folder, usually on the right inside flap. †¢ Press Release Announce your big news! A press release contains information in printed form, is written like a newspaper story and is issued to media representatives and reporters. †¢ Article Reprints Samples of past press coverage your company or the person in the news release has received can help sell the newsworthiness of your story. †¢ Copies of Speeches or Presentations given in association with your company or business can also make an impression. Insert, on the left side of the folder, from front to back: †¢ Photographs typically a 5x7 black and white glossy photo of your product or a person mentioned in your press release †¢ Company Profile and Fact Sheets A concise summary of your companys history, initiatives and goals, including a description of your products and services. If you are introducing a new product or service, include a separate fact sheet highlighting its features and benefits. †¢ Testimonials and Case Studies Positive statements or success stories about your business and its products and services from satisfied customers and clients can illustrate your companys significance. †¢ Biographies Profiles of yourself and key employees provide details about the people behind the business. †¢ Statistical Data Charts, graphs and line art can help illustrate your story. Some companies include a comparison chart of their products and services compared to their closest competitors. †¢ Brochures, Catalogues, Newsletters or other Business Literatur e Smaller brochures may be placed in front of other materials.

The Allegory of the Cave Essay -- Papers the republic socrates plato

The Allegory of the Cave Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is the most comprehensive and far-reaching analogy in his book, The Republic. This blanket analogy covers many of the other images Plato uses as tools through out The Republic to show why justice is good. The Allegory of the Cave, however, is not the easiest image that Plato uses. First, one must understand this analogy and all of it’s hidden intricacies, then one will be able to apply it to the other images Plato uses such as the Divided Line, or Plato’s Forms. As Plato begins his story, he describes a dark cave. Contained inside of this cave are many people who are tied up into seats, unable to move. For their entire life, these people have been tied up without even being able to rotate their heads. They have chains that bind their hands to their seats. They have never seen anything apart from the wall directly in front of them. Their entire lives have been spent watching the wall and communicating with each other about the things they see on the wall. Behind these chained people is a large fire. This fire burns bright and allows shadows to be cast onto the wall. Below this fire is a small trench where the others of the cave lie. Here they hold up puppets and objects, casting shadows onto the wall. They essentially create the reality that the chained down live in, however, those chained down do not know this. They know only of the shadows on the wall and these shadows interactions with each other. If they see the shadow of a book, they will say to one another, in their own language, â€Å"look at the book on the wall.† They will not know that it is only a shadow, an image of the real object that is held up behind them to cast the appearance of a book onto the wall. The... ... the mind. The man, as he is walking back in the cave, understands now that what he has seen is the truth. He has seen the forms of the objects he only saw shadows to before. When he is back in the cave he tries to explain to the others that there are forms of the shadows they see on the wall. These forms are what truly is, but they reject him. The journey of this man is likened to that of all philosophers educated in the forms, Plato says. The Allegory of the Cave has many applications to both Plato’s writing and life in general. It describes the education of a philosopher, as well as how others look on the philosopher after he has gained the knowledge of the Forms. It also describes what it is like to see the forms. After understanding the forms, what once were objects, real things, become merely shadows. One sees everything as it truly exists, as it’s form.

Carp and Carper Law Essay

More than 18 years ago, in June 1988 President Corazon Aquino signed the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law and thus laid the foundation for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. The law was passed after nearly a year of heated discussions in Congress. It was passed after the killing of 19 peasants who were members of a demonstration of 15 000 peasants asking for a meeting with the President and under the subsequent pressure of a coalition of 13 major farmers’ organizations who had formed a powerful umbrella group, the Congress for a People’s Agrarian Reform, consisting of one and a half million members. The implementation of the reform did not go smoothly and met, as in other countries implementing an agrarian reform, strong resistance from large landowners. Some used their political influence to prevent confiscation, while others tried to circumvent the reform by illegal land transfers, land use conversion and other illegal means. Furthermore, the landlord dominated Congress delayed persistently the allocation of funds for the implementation of the program. Yet, despite many obstacles the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and its cooperating agencies have accomplished many of their objectives. Some 2 million landless farmers have received a plot of land of their own and about 1 million tenants were given secure tenancy conditions. The reform has improved the wellbeing of the rural society and contributed to socio-economic stability in the countryside. With a coverage of about 40 percent of the rural population and 75 percent of all cultivable land the reform can be considered as one of the most successful in recent times. While some large latifundia are still to be covered, the time has come to reflect about the future role of the Department and its staff once the land acquisition and distribution component of the reform has been completed, i. e. in the post land acquisition and distribution (post LAD) period. As the experience in the Philippines and in other countries has shown the mere allocation of land to reform beneficiaries is not sufficient. In order to become successful they have to be provided with supporting services. In the past they were, to a large extent, supplied by the Department of Agrarian Reform. However, if a main part of its activities comes to an end, the question arises whether there is still need for DAR and if so, for which tasks, or whether other actors are better suited to carry out the remaining activities. In this state of affairs the Department became aware of the need for a study which would review various institutional options for supporting reform beneficiaries and the rural community as a whole. The Department approached the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) to assist in the preparation of such a study. GTZ has, for more than 30 years, cooperated with the Government of the Philippines in implementing its development programs. It has given special emphasis to economic reforms and poverty alleviation. In recognition of the importance of maintaining the gains of the reform for the alleviation of rural poverty GTZ responded favourably to the request. In consultation with the Director of the Policy and Strategic Research Service, Mrs. Martha Carmel Salcedo, GTZ commissioned five agrarian reform specialists and a project manager to conduct the study. A steering committee composed of DAR and GTZ was responsible for the coordination of the study. The consultants prepared an analysis of the various components of the program and made proposals for agricultural and rural development in a period after land acquisition and distribution. In order to validate their preliminary findings and conclusions GTZ organized regional consultations in Davao, Cebu, Zamboanga, Baguio and San Fernando and a national workshop in Metro Manila. The meetings provided an open forum for discussions among representatives of government and civil society about the future of CARP, DAR and its cooperating agencies. The views expressed in these meetings were considered by the consultants and as far as feasible incorporated in the study. Director Salcedo and her staff followed the various stages of report preparation and offered valuable comments on earlier drafts, without, however, interfering in the conceptual work of the consultants. In order to provide necessary background information which is needed for the understanding and justification of the various options proposed, the book traces in its first part the events that characterized the implementation of the program and describes in several sub-chapters its main components. It appraises program accomplishments and impact. It analyses shortcomings and constraints in its implementation. Each sub-chapter pinpoints lessons learned and identifies components which require further interventions. In the second part of the book the consultants provide several options for institutional change for the future development of the rural community and give special emphasis to the role of the Department of Agrarian Reform and its specialized units. On the basis of their analysis in the first part of the study they propose a number of recommendations which the government may consider in order to safeguard the achievements of the reform. In this context it is proposed that full use should be made of the experience of the able and motivated staff of DAR, both in the field and in headquarters. On the other hand it is important to realize that agrarian reform and rural development cannot be achieved by government interventions alone. While the government can provide the general legal framework, sustainable rural development requires the active participation of local level self-help groups, autonomous peasant organizations and NGOs.

Manila Motor Company Essay

In May 1954, Manila Motor Company filed in the Municipal Court of Manila a complaint to recover from Manuel T. Flores the amount of P1,047.98 as chattel mortgage installments which fell due in September 1941. Defendant pleaded prescription:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary 1941 to 1954. The complaint was dismissed. On appeal, the Court of First Instance saw differently, sustaining Plaintiff’s contention that the moratorium laws had interrupted the running of the prescriptive period, and that deducting the time during which said laws were in operation — three years and eight months 1 — the ten-year term had not yet elapsed when complainant sued for collection in May 1954. Wherefore said court ordered the return of the case to the municipal judge for trial on the merits. Defendant appealed. Issue: Whether or not the moratorium laws did not have the effect of suspending the period of limitations, because they were unconstitutional, as declared by this court in Rutter vs. Esteban, 49 Off. Held: In Montilla vs. Pacific Commercial SC held that the moratorium laws suspended the period of prescription. That was rendered after the Rutter-Esteban decision. It should be stated however, in fairness to Appellant, that the Montilla decision came down after he had submitted his brief. And in answer to his main contention, the following portion is quoted from a resolution of this Court. Rutter vs. Esteban (93 Phil., 68) may be construed to mean that at the time of the decision the Moratorium law could no longer be validly applied because of the prevailing circumstances. At any rate, although the general rule is that an unconstitutional statute  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Ëœconfers no right, creates no office, affords no protection and justifies no acts performed under it.’ (11 Am. Jur., pp. 828, 829.) There are several instances wherein courts, out of equity, have relaxed its operation (cf. notes in Cooley’s Constitutional Limitations 8th ed., p. 383 and Notes 53 A. L. R., 273) or qu alified its effects ‘since the actual existence of a statute prior to such declaration is an operative fact, and may have consequences which cannot justly be ignored’ (Chicot County vs. Baster, 308 U. S., 371) and a realistic approach is eroding the general doctrine (Warring vs. Colpoys, 136 Am. Law Rep., 1025, 1030).† Judgment affirmed, without costs.

Zinn essays

Zinn essays Howard Zinn looks at not only the history of the conquerors, rulers, leaders; but also the history of the enslaved, the oppressed, and the led. Like any American history book covering the time period of 1942 until the early 1760s, what is said in the first chapter of A Peoples History tells the story of the discovery of America. However, Zinn stresses the roles of a number of groups and ideas most books neglect or skim over. It is refreshing to see a book that spends space based around people that lived this history. On first read, Zinn's work sometimes seems mired in a simplistic dialectic between "victims and executioners.' But it's a soft dialectic; his moral outrage never comes unmoored from a sense of humanism and of the possibility of change. "The prisoners of the system will continue to rebel,' he writes in A People's History. But "the new fact of our era is the chance that they may be joined by the guards. When Columbus arrived on the Island of Haiti, there were 39 men abroad his ships compared to the 250,000 Indians on Haiti. If the white race accounts for less than two hundredths of one percent of the islands population, it is only fair that the natives get more than the two or three sentences that they get in most history books. Zinn cites population figures, first person accounts, and his own interpretation of their effects to create an accurate and fair depiction. The core part of any history book is obviously history. Zinn presents major historical facts of American history starting with Christopher Columbuss Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria landed in the Bahamas on October 12, 1942. It was there that Europeans and Native Americans first came into contact; Arawak natives came out to greet the whites, and the whites were only interested in finding the gold. From the Bahamas, Columbus sailed to Cuba and Hispaniola, the present-day home of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. One hun...

Gone Girl - Book Club Discussion Questions

Gone Girl - Book Club Discussion Questions by Gillian Flynn was one of the big suspense novels of 2012. But far from just being a mindless thriller, Gone Girl is a literary page turner that is smart and witty. These book club discussion questions will help your reading group explore the plot, themes and ideas raised in the novel. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain important details about Gone Girl. Finish the book before reading on. In the first third of the book, did you think Nick was guilty? Why or why not?In the second part of the book, once you know the truth, what did you think was going to happen with Nick and Amy?Do you think someone could actually plan every detail of a set up or murder as perfectly as Amy did?What did you expect to happen after Amy returned? Were you surprised by her final precaution? Do you think that would truly be enough to get Nick to stay?Early on in the book, Amy writes in her diary: Because isnt that the point of every relationship: to be known by someone else, to be understood? (29).Toward the end of the book, on the night of Amys return, when she is making the case for going forward together, here is what she says and Nick thinks:Think about it, Nick, we know each other. Better than anyone in the world now.It was true that Id had this feeling too, in the past month, when I wasnt wishing Amy harm. It would come to me at strange momentsin the middle of the night, up to take a pi ss, or in the morning pouring a bowl of cerealId detect a nib of admiration, and more than that, fondness for my wife, right in the middle of me, right in the gut. To know exactly what I wanted to hear in those notes, to woo me back to her, even to predict all my wrong moves...the woman knew me cold...All this time Id thought we were strangers, and it turned out we knew each other intuitively, in our bones, in our blood (385).To what extent do you think the desire to be understood drives relationships? Do you understand how this could be appealing to Nick despite everything else? Nick stops strangling Amy and thinks, Who would I be without Amy to react to? Because she was right: As a man, I had been my most impressive when I loved her and I was my next best self when I hated her...I couldnt return to an average life (396).Is this believable? Is it possible for Nick to be more fulfilled in an extraordinary relationship where he is understood even if it is manipulative an dangerous?Nick once muses, It seemed to me that there was nothing new to be discovered ever again...We were the first human beings who would never see anything for the first time. We stare at the wonders of the world, dull-eyed, underwhelmed. Mona Lisa, the Pyramids, the Empire State Building. Jungle animals on attack, ancient icebergs collapsing, volcanoes erupting. I cant recall a single amazing thing I have seen firsthand that I didnt immediately reference to a movie or TV show...Ive literally seen it all, and the worst thing, the thing that makes me want to blow my brains out, is: The sec ondhand experience is always better. The image is crisper, the view keener, the camera angle and soundtrack manipulate my emotions in a way reality cant anymore (72).Do you think this observation is true about our generation? How do you think this affects relationships? How does it affect the way we live? Nick writes,I got secretly furious, spent ten minutes just winding myself up because at this point of our marriage, I was so used to being angry with her, it felt almost enjoyable, like gnawing on a cuticle: You know you should stop, that it doesnt really feel as good as you think, but you cant quit grinding away (107).Have you experienced this dynamic? Why do you think it feels good to be angry sometimes?At one point, Amy quotes the advice Fake it until you make it. Later, Nick writes, We pretend to be in love, and we do the things we like to do when were in love, and it feels almost like love sometimes, because we are so perfectly putting ourselves through the paces (404).Generally speaking, do you think this is good marriage advice? Do Nick and Amy disprove this advice?Rate Gone Girl on a scale of 1 to 5.

Process Analysis The ABCS of CPR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Process Analysis The ABCS of CPR - Essay Example The three main components of CPR that can save a life include the ABC's, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. 7 Airway, the A in ABC, begins with checking the airway. Perform the Head tilt chin lift by placing the palm of one hand on the forehead. Put the fingers of the other hand on the bony part of the chin. Push the forehead back to lift the chin. Pull the jaw forward. Then, open the mouth. Look for the chest to rise and fall. Listen close near the victim's mouth for sounds of breathing. Feel the cheek for any breathing movement. Check airway for no more than 5-10 seconds. Do not consider gasps of breath as breathing. These gasps may occur for a few minutes after the heart stops beating. 7 The absences of breathing, is the B in ABC. Pinch the nose of the victim closed. Take in a normal breath. Hold it. Making a good seal, over the victim's mouth, give two breaths for 1 second each. Watch the chest rise and fall during each breath. If no breaths go in, reposition the victim's head. Attempt two more breaths. If breaths still do not go in check for a foreign object in the mouth. Begin CPR to remove the object. If breaths go in and pulse is present, continue with breaths until help arrives or when the victim begins breathing on his own. 9 Circulation represents the C in ABC. Check for circulation by placing two fingers at the carotid pulse below the jaw line at the neck.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Research - Essay Example The questionnaire was too long and the length might often influence participants to withdraw from the survey as time is important for everyone. Another flaw associated with the questionnaire was that in answering options, the ‘do not know’ option was not included. This is inappropriate as there might be participants who are unaware of a particular product or service. On the other hand, two good aspect of the questionnaire is that questions were worded very simply; this firstly made it very easy for participants to understand and secondly, the questionnaire encompassed all aspects of the research topic, thereby enabling the researcher to obtain an insight of people’s perceptions about products and services offered by the food chain. Generating idea: The initial step is very crucial as it involves generation of ideologies that are based on SWOT and current market trend analysis. The ideologies take into account various factors such as, return on investment, ROI and widespread distribution cost. (Takeuchi and Nonaka 137-146). During this particular phase, the manager has to ensure that overall new product development process is kept nimble and flexible discretion should be applied over which the activities are to be executed. Screening the idea: In this particular step, the idea is validated. The phase mainly involves elimination of ineffective concepts prior to allocation of resources to them. The individuals responsible for framing the idea should screen the same on the basis of factors such as, benefits associated with the idea that can be provided to the target market, market coverage of the product, expected intensity of competition, sales forecast, feasibility of the product and so on and so forth (Brands, â€Å"8 Step Process Perfects New Product Development†). Concept testing: Concept testing is very different from test marketing. This step involves patent research, designing due diligence